Institutions of Higher Learning for Adults refer to educational establishments, set up in line wioth relevant rules approved by the government, enrolling staff and workers with senior secondary school or equivalent education, and providing higher education courses in many forms of full-time, part-time, spare-time, or correspondence for adults. Professionals thus trained receive a qualification equivalent to graduates studying regular courses at regular universities, colleges and professional colleges. Institutions of higher learning for adults include Radio and TV universities, schools of high education for staff and workers and peasants, colleges for management cadres, pedagogical colleges, independent correspondence colleges.
Enrollment Rate of Primary School-age Children refers to the proportion of school-age children enrolled at schools to the total number of school-age children both in and outside schools (including retarded children, but excluding blind, deaf and mute children). The formula is:
Enrollment Rate of Primary School-age Children =Total Primary School-age Children at Schools/Total Primary School-age Children Both at and Outside Schools×100%
Independent Research and Development Institutions refer to the state-owned insitutions which have direct mission and research purpose, a certain number of core member with higher research level and a certain number of research personnel, favorable conditions for R & D and engaging in scientific research and technological development. The institutions also have their own independent organization and finance, authority to sign contracts with other units, with their own accounts in banks. Independent research and devlopment instiutions include the institutions attached to central government agencies, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chinese Academy of Social and the institutions attached to local governments.
Personnel of Independent Research and Development Institutions refers to the persons who work and receive payment in research and development institutions. It includes regular full-time and temporary staff and workers, but excludes retirees and persons who leave their work temporarily without payment but still retain their posts.
Total Expenditure on Research and Development refers to all actual expenditure made for R & D (basic research, applied research and experimental development) in reference period. It included direct expenditure on R & D and indirect expenditure on R & D (includinng management expenses, administrative expense and investment in capital construction ralating to R & D.
Scientists and Engineers refer to persons who have completed university or higher education or obtained titles of sneior and middle-level professional positions.
Inventions refer to the utility models as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations for implementation. They refer to the new technical proposals to the praducts or methods or their modifications.
Utility Models refer to the utility models as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations for implementation. They refer to the prectical and new technical proposals on the shape and structure of the product or the combination of both.
Designs refer to the designs as specified by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulation for implementation. They refer to the aesthetics and industry-applicable new designs for the shape, pattern and color of the product, or their combinations.
Cultural Institutions refer to units which have their own organizational system and independent accouting system and specialize in or serve cultural development. They exclude other establishments run by these cultural institutions and amateur cultural groups established by various departments.