Prior to 1984, the rural industry run by villages and cooperative organizations under village was classified into agriculture. Since 1984, it has beem grouped into industry.
Units of Industrial Statistics and Inquiry:
They are classified into two categories (1) corporate Industrial enterprises with independent accounting system (2) Industrial Establishments.
(1) Corporate industrial enterprises with independent accounting system refer to enterprises engaging in industrial production activities, which meet the following requirements:① They are established legally, having their own names, organizations, location, able to take civil liability;② They possess and use their assets independently and compile their own balance sheets.
(2) Industrial establishments refer to economic units which located in one single place and engaged entirely or primarily in one kind of industrial activity, including financially independent industrial enterprises and units engaged in industrial activities under the non-industrial enterprises (or financially dependent). Industrial establishments generally meet the following requirements:①They have each one location and are engaged in one kind of industrial activity each;②They operate and manage their industrial production activies separately;③They have accounts of income and exdpenditures separately.
State-owned Industry refers to industrial enterprises where the means of production or income are owned by the state.
Joint state-private industries and private industries which existed before 1957 have been transformed into state industries.Statistics on these enterprises has been included in the state-owned industries since 1957 when separation of data was no longer necessary.
Collective Owned Industry refers to industrial enterprises where the means of production are owned collectively, including urban and rural enterprises invested by collectives and some enterprises which were formerly owned privately but have been registered in industrial and commercial administration agency as collective units through raising fund from the public.
Industry of Other Types of Ownerships refers to industrial enter prises (units) of the ownerships other than the stateowned economy, collective econmy, private economy, individual economy and joint - owned economy. They include the enterprises of share-holding economy (companies limited by shares and companies limited with liabilies),foreignfunded economy (Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and foreign ventures exclusively with their own investment),economy funded by the entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (joint ventures and cooperative enterprises with the mainland as well as ventures exclusively with their own inves tment) and other types of ownership.
Light Industry refers to the industry which produces consumer goods and hand tools. It consists of two categories, depending on the materials used:
(1) Industries using farm products as raw materials. These are branches of light industry which directly or indirectly use farm products as basic raw materials, including the manufacture of food and beverages, tobacco processing, textile, clothing, fur and leather manufacturing, paper making, printing, ect.
(2) Industries using non-farm products as raw materials. These are branches of light industry which use manufactured goods as raw materials, including the manufacture of cultural, educational articles and sports goods, chemicals, synthetic fiber, chemical products for daily use, glass products for daily use, metal products for daily use, hand tools, medical apparatus and instruments, and the manufacture of cultural and clerical machinery.
Heavy Industry refers to the industry which produces capital goods, and provides various sectors of the national economy with necessary material and technical basis. It consists of the following three branches according to the purpose of production or the use of products:
(1) Mining, quarrying and logging industry refers to the industry that extracts natural resources, including extraction of petroleum, coal, metal and non-metal ores and olgging.
(2) Raw materials industry refers to the industry that provides various sectors of the national economy with raw materials, fuels and power. It includes smelting and processing of metals, coking and coke chemistry, chemical materials and building materials such as cement, plywood, and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing.
(3) Manufacturing industry refers to the industry that processes raw materials. It includes machine-building industry which equips sectors of the national economy, industries of metal structure and cement products, industries producing means of agricultural production, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
According to the above principle of classification, the repairing trades which are engaged primarity in repairing products of heavy industry are classified into heavy industry while these engaged in repairing products of light industry are classified into light industry.
Gross Industrial Output Value is the total volume of industrial products sold or available for sale in value terms which reflects the total achievements and overall scale of industuial production during a given period. It includes the value of the finished products , which are not to be further processed in the enterprises and have been inspected, packed and put instorage, the value of industrial services rendered to other units and the changes in the value of the semi-finished products and products in process between the beginning and closing of the period (only the enterprises with long production cycle are required to calculatc the changes). The gross industrial output value is calculated with "factory method". No double calculations are to be made within the same enterprise. However, double counting does occur among different enterprises.
Output value of light and heavy industries in also classified with the "factory" method. Under normal conditions, if the major products of an industrial enterprise belong to light industry products, the gross output value of that enterprise is classified wholly into light industry; the same principle applies to heavy industry.
Value Added of Industry refers to the final results of industrial trade in money terms during the reference period.
Original Value of Fixed Assets refers to the original value of all fixed assets owned by industrial enterprises, calculated at the cost paid at the time of purchase, installation, reconstruction, expansion,and technical innovation and transformation of the said assets, which includes expenses on purchase, package, transportation,and installation, etc.
Net Value of Fixed Assets is obtained by deducting depreciation over years from the original value of fixed assets.
Working Capital (Circulating Assets) refers to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating cycle of one year or over one year, which includes cash, various deposits, short term investment, and receivable payments, and advance payments, stock, etc.
Total Value of Profit and Tax (Pre-tax Profits) refers to the sum of the total profits, products sales tax and surcharges and the value added tax payable of industrial enterprises. It is also called Pre-tax profits.
Ratio of Pre-tax Profits to Assets refers to the ratio of pre-tax profits realized in a given period to total assets (net fixed assets plus working capital), which reflects the economic efficiency of the assets utilization and is calculated as follows:
Ratio of Pre_Tax Profits to Assets (%)=Pre-tax Profits in Reference Period/Average Net Fixed Assets + Average Balance of Working Capital×100%
Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs refers to the ratio of profits realized in a given period to the total costs in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of input cost and is calculated as follows:
Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Cost (%) =Total ProfitsTotal Costs×100%
Value Added Rate of Industryrefers to the ratio of value added of industry in a given period to the gross output value in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency of cutting down the intermediate input and is calculated as follows:
Value Added Rate of Industry (%) =Value Added of Industry (at Current Prices)/Gross Output Value (at Current Prices)×100%
Number of Times of the Turnover of Working Capital refers to the number of times of turnover of working capital in a given period of time, which reflects the speed of the turnover of working capital and is calculated as follows:
Turnover of Working Capital (%) = Sales Revenue of Products/Average Balance of Total Working Capital×100%
Sales Rate of Industrial Products refers to the ratio of total sales in a given period to the gross output value in the same period, which reflects the extent of industrial output sold and is calculated as follows:
Sales Rate of Industrial Products (%) =Total Sales (at Current Prices)/Gross Output Value (at Current Prices)×100%
Sales Revenue of Industrial Products refers to the revenue from the sales of products by industrial enterprises and the revenue from services provided and etc.
Sales Cost of Industrial Products refers to the actual cost of products of industrial enterprises and industrial services provided, etc.
Tax and Extra Charges on Sales of Products refer to the tax on city maintenance and construction, consumption tax, resources tax and extra charges for education, which should be borne by the enterprises in selling products and providing industrial services.
Sales Profit of Products refers to the profit gained by the enterprises by deducting cost, charges and taxes from the business income of the enterprises obtained in selling products and providing industrial services.
Total Profits refer to the profits gained by the enterprises.
Value Added Tax Payable refers to the amount of the value added tax which should be paid by the enterprises in the reporting period.
Ratio of Pre-tax Profits to Gross Output value refers to the ratio of the total amount of pre-tax profits gained (including total profits, sales tax and extra charges of products as well as the value added tax payable) in the reporting period to the gross output value in the same period (the ratio is expressed in percentage). The formula is as follows:
Ratio of Pre-tax Profits to Gross Output Value (%) = Total Amount of Pre-tax Profits/Gross Output Value×100%
Overall Labour Productivity of Industrial Enterprises refers to the average output per staff and worker in industrial enterprises in value terms. At present, the value added and the average number of staff and workers of an industrial enterprises in a given period are used to calculate the overall labour productivity. The formula used is:
Overall Labour Productivity =Value Added of Induystry/Average Number of Staff and Workers
For the purpose of comparison of the overall labour productivity among different years, the data on the overall labour productivity of the years prior to 1990 have been adjusted on the basis of 1990 constant prices.
Capital refers to the corporation's capital registered in the departments of administration for industry and commerce. Acording to the different nature of investors, corporations' capital can be divided into state capital, legal person's capital, personal capital, foreign capital, etc. Total capital includes total registered capital of all investors in the corporation.
Total Assets refer to all assets which are owned or controlled by enterprises, including circulating assets, long-term investment, fixed assets, intangible assets and deferred assets,other long-term assets, and deferred taxes, etc. The summation of above items is equal to total assets shown in the balance sheets of the enterprises.
(1) Circulating assets (working capital) refer to assets which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including cash, all kinds of deposits, short term investment, receivables, advance payment, stock, etc.
(2) Fixed assets refer to the net value of fixed assets, clearance of fixed assets, project under construction, fixed assets losses in suspense. These are corporations' fund holdings.
(3) Intangible assets refer to the assets without material form used by enterprises over a long time, such as patents, non-patent technologies, trade marks, copyright, land use right, business reputation, etc.
Total Liabilities refer to the debts that enterprises are responsible for repayment, including liquid liabilities, long-term liabilities and deferred taxes, etc. Total liabilities correspond to the summation item of liabilities shown in the balance sheets of the enterprises.
(1) Liquid liabilities (also called quick liabilities or immediate liabilities)refer to enterprises total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or over one year, inluding short term loans, payables and advance payments, wages payable, taxes payable and profit payable, etc.
(2) Long-term liabilities refers to total debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or over one year, including long-term loans, payable liabilities, long-term payables, etc.
Creditors' Equity refers to investors' ownership of net assets of the enterprise. It is equal to the total assets of the enterprise minus its total liabilities, including the primary input from investors, capital accumulation fund, surplus accumulation fund and undistributed profit. It is the stock hoders' equity in stock companies.